Standard library

All stdlib modules are preloaded — no installation needed. Import a module by name and use dot notation to call its functions.

import "math";
import "strings";

math.sqrt(9);               # 3.0
strings.to_upper("hello");  # HELLO

`fmt`

Output, input, and type conversion.

Function / value	Description
`print(...args)`	Print args space-separated to stdout with newline.
`eprint(...args)`	Same as print but to stderr.
`input(prompt)`	Print prompt and read a line from stdin. Returns STRING.
`typeof(x)`	Return the type name of x as a STRING.
`to_int(x)`	Convert STRING, FLOAT, or BOOL to INTEGER.
`to_float(x)`	Convert STRING or INTEGER to FLOAT.
`to_str(x)`	Convert any value to its STRING representation.
`clear()`	Clear the terminal screen.

Mathematical functions and constants.

Function / value	Description
`PI`	3.141592… (constant)
`E`	2.718281… (constant)
`sqrt(n)`	Square root.
`abs(n)`	Absolute value. Returns same type as input.
`pow(base, exp)`	base raised to exp. Returns FLOAT.
`floor(n) / ceil(n) / round(n) / trunc(n)`	Rounding variants.
`log(n)`	Natural logarithm (ln).
`log10(n)`	Base-10 logarithm.
`exp(n)`	e raised to n.
`sin(n) / cos(n) / tan(n)`	Trigonometric functions (radians).
`min(a, b, …) / max(a, b, …)`	Minimum / maximum of one or more numbers.
`clamp(x, lo, hi)`	Clamp x to the range [lo, hi].

String manipulation.

Function / value	Description
`to_upper(s) / to_lower(s)`	Case conversion.
`trim(s) / trim_left(s) / trim_right(s)`	Remove whitespace.
`split(s, sep)`	Split string into ARRAY of strings.
`join(arr, sep)`	Join array into a string.
`contains(s, sub)`	BOOL — whether s contains sub.
`starts_with(s, prefix) / ends_with(s, suffix)`	BOOL prefix/suffix check.
`replace(s, old, new)`	Replace all occurrences of old with new.
`index(s, sub)`	First index of sub in s, or -1.
`count(s, sub)`	Number of non-overlapping occurrences of sub.
`repeat(s, n)`	Repeat s n times.
`reverse(s)`	Reverse the string.
`to_chars(s)`	ARRAY of CHAR values.
`from_chars(arr)`	Build a STRING from an array of CHARs.
`parse_int(s) / parse_float(s)`	Parse string to number.

Array operations. All functions return new arrays — no mutation.

Function / value	Description
`len(arr)`	Length of array (also works on STRING).
`first(arr) / last(arr)`	First / last element, or null if empty.
`rest(arr)`	Array without the first element.
`pop(arr)`	Array without the last element.
`push(arr, x) / prepend(arr, x)`	Return new array with x appended / prepended.
`concat(a, b)`	Concatenate two arrays.
`reverse(arr)`	Return reversed array.
`slice(arr, start, end)`	Subarray from start (inclusive) to end (exclusive).
`contains(arr, x)`	BOOL — whether arr contains x.
`index_of(arr, x)`	First index of x, or -1.
`join(arr, sep)`	Join elements into a STRING.
`sum(arr)`	Sum of numeric elements.
`min(arr) / max(arr)`	Min / max of numeric array.
`sort(arr)`	Sorted copy (numbers and strings).
`unique(arr)`	Remove duplicates, preserve order.
`flatten(arr)`	Flatten one level of nesting.
`zip(a, b)`	Array of [a[i], b[i]] pairs, stops at shorter.

Hash (dictionary) operations.

Function / value	Description
`keys(h)`	ARRAY of keys.
`values(h)`	ARRAY of values.
`entries(h)`	ARRAY of [key, value] pairs.
`has_key(h, k)`	BOOL — whether key k exists.
`len(h)`	Number of key-value pairs.
`merge(h1, h2)`	New hash with both; h2 overwrites h1 on conflicts.
`delete(h, k)`	New hash without key k.

File system I/O.

Function / value	Description
`read_file(path)`	Read file contents as STRING.
`write_file(path, content)`	Write STRING to file (overwrite). Returns BOOL.
`append_file(path, content)`	Append STRING to file (creates if missing). Returns BOOL.
`read_lines(path)`	Read file into ARRAY of strings (one per line).
`exists(path)`	BOOL — path exists.
`is_file(path) / is_dir(path)`	BOOL — type check.
`list_dir(path)`	ARRAY of filenames in directory.
`mkdir(path) / mkdir_all(path)`	Create directory / all intermediate directories.
`remove(path)`	Delete a file.
`remove_dir(path)`	Delete a directory and all its contents.
`copy(src, dst) / rename(src, dst)`	Copy or rename a file.

Path string manipulation — no filesystem access except absolute().

Function / value	Description
`join(a, b, …)`	Join path segments with the OS separator.
`basename(p)`	Filename with extension.
`dirname(p)`	Parent directory.
`stem(p)`	Filename without extension.
`extension(p)`	Extension without the leading dot.
`absolute(p)`	Canonicalized absolute path (hits filesystem).
`is_absolute(p)`	BOOL — whether path is absolute.

Operating system interface.

Function / value	Description
`args`	ARRAY of command-line arguments (value, not function).
`platform`	OS name string, e.g. "linux", "macos", "windows" (value).
`arch`	CPU architecture string (value).
`get_env(key)`	Read an environment variable. Returns STRING (empty if unset).
`set_env(key, val)`	Set an environment variable.
`get_wd()`	Current working directory as STRING.
`hostname()`	Machine hostname as STRING.
`exit(code?)`	Exit the process with optional integer code (default 0).

Date and time. Timestamps are unix milliseconds (INTEGER).

Function / value	Description
`now()`	Current time as unix milliseconds.
`unix()`	Current time as unix seconds.
`sleep(ms)`	Pause execution for ms milliseconds.
`since(start_ms)`	Milliseconds elapsed since start_ms.
`format(ms, layout)`	Format timestamp using a strftime-style layout string.
`year(ms) / month(ms) / day(ms)`	Date components (UTC). Month is 1–12.
`hour(ms) / minute(ms) / second(ms)`	Time components (UTC).
`RFC3339`	"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z" layout constant.
`Kitchen`	"%I:%M %p" layout constant.

JSON serialisation.

Function / value	Description
`parse(s)`	Parse a JSON string into code-lang values. JSON objects become HASH.
`stringify(x)`	Serialize a value to a JSON STRING.

Random number generation.

Function / value	Description
`int(min, max)`	Random INTEGER in [min, max] inclusive.
`float()`	Random FLOAT in [0.0, 1.0).
`choice(arr)`	Random element from array.
`shuffle(arr)`	Return a new shuffled copy of the array (Fisher-Yates).

Blocking HTTP client. All functions return a HASH with status (INTEGER), body (STRING), and ok (BOOL).

Function / value	Description
`get(url)`	HTTP GET.
`get(url, headers)`	HTTP GET with custom headers (HASH of STRING→STRING).
`post(url, body)`	HTTP POST with a plain string body.
`post(url, body, headers)`	HTTP POST with custom headers.
`post_json(url, obj)`	HTTP POST with JSON body (sets Content-Type automatically).